(A) At all time points, the average BMS score of the 0.25-mm injury group is significantly different from that of the 0.55-mm injury group (p 0.001) and the 0.4-mm injury group (p 0.05). (A,B) There were significant differences between groups across time points (p 0.0001 repeated measures analysis-of-variance ) and comparisons at individual time points between groups (*p 0.05, repeated-measures analysis of variance ). Graded severity of injury as assessed by average Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) score (A) and BMS subscore (B) for mice in severe (0.25 mm, n 9), moderate (0.4 mm, n 8), and mild (0.55 mm, n 8) crush injury groups and sham control animals (n 8). Because of its demonstrated consistency, ease of use, low cost, and clinical relevance, this graded forceps crush is an attractive alternative to the other mouse models of SCI currently available.

These results provide evidence that the graded forceps crush model is an attractive alternative for the study of SCI and related therapeutic interventions. Similar to other studies of SCI in mice, we report a dense laminin and fibronectin positive extracellular matrix in the lesion sites of injured mice, but unlike those previous studies, we also report the presence of numerous p75 positive Schwann cells in and around the lesion epicenter. These measures strongly correlated with the behavioral outcomes. Quantitative analysis of the lesion demonstrated that as injury severity increased, lesion size and GFAP negative area increased, and spared tissue, spinal cord cross-sectional area, spared grey matter and spared white matter decreased. There were significant differences among the three injury severity groups on behavioral measures (Basso Mouse Score, footprint, and ladder analyses), demonstrating an increase in neurological deficits for groups with greater injury severity. Briefly, each mouse was subjected to laminectomy of T5-T7, 15-second spinal cord crush using one of those forceps, behavioral assessments, and post-mortem neuroanatomical analyses. We developed a graded forceps crush model of SCI in mice that uses three different forceps with spacers of 0.25, 0.4, and 0.55 mm, to produce severe, moderate, and mild injuries, respectively. Given the rising availability and use of genetically modified animals in basic science research, it has become increasingly important to develop clinically relevant models for spinal cord injury (SCI) for use in mice.

Crush 21 by Rachelle Vaughn